Classification and Application of NiTinol-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys
志联
2024-09-16
NiTinol Classification of (NiTi)
1) Gold wire, cobalt-chromium alloy wire, stainless steel round wire
2) Martensite stable alloy: Most are NiTinols deformed in the martensite state. This archwire has low stiffness and light orthodontic force. There is no stress or temperature-induced martensitic transformation, so there is no memory effect and superelasticity.
3) China's NiTinol and Japan's NiTinol are austenite activated alloys: that is, they are austenite in any state, and there is no temperature-induced martensite state in the mouth or outside the mouth, only stress-induced martensite state. They are superelastic, but have no shape memory function. This archwire has good elasticity and low stiffness, and can produce weaker orthodontic force. Its characteristic is that the force generated from the initial stage to the later stage is constant, and it is more effective in the early treatment of irregular dentition. The disadvantage is that it cannot be bent at room temperature and is not easy to weld. If this company is used to make the main archwire, it will often cause undesirable expansion or contraction of the arch, and it is difficult to establish a good alignment of the premolars and molars.
4) Martensite activated NiTinol: TTR is lower than or very close to oral temperature, and exists in various states at room temperature, and is easy to deform. When placed in the oral cavity, stress and room temperature-induced martensite simultaneously transform into austenite, exhibiting shape memory function and superelasticity. It is easy to deform at room temperature (around 25℃) and below, and it returns to its original state when it reaches a certain temperature (around 32℃), showing shape memory and superelastic properties. Due to this characteristic, thermally activated NiTinol-titanium archwires can be easily passed through by keeping them at room temperature or below, and then placed in the brackets. When activated by oral temperature, shape recovery force can be generated to provide the required force for oral orthodontics. Thermally activated NiTinol-titanium orthodontic wires have the characteristics of "cold softness and hot activation flexibility". Under the guidance of the doctor, patients can change the orthodontic force by holding cold or hot water in their mouths, which is more convenient for orthodontic patients and reduces the discomfort of initial treatment.
5) Graded thermodynamics: Increasing the thermodynamics of NiTinol: TTR event temperature is higher than oral temperature, about 40℃, so when the NiTinol-titanium archwire is in the oral cavity, it is still in a multi-state, relatively soft, and the archwire is in the oral cavity, hot water is austenite phase transformation. Therefore, the orthodontic force is weak, and it can be used as the initial wire for adult patients and patients with periodontal disease.
NiTinol Applications:
1) NiTinol With the advantages of superelasticity, shape memory, and low stress-strain curve, it can be used for early centering and flattening, and is a commonly used initial treatment system in clinical practice. In this way, the patient's discomfort will be greatly reduced.
2) NiTinol-titanium memory alloy spring: NiTinol-titanium spring and tension spring are springs used for orthodontic teeth, with the characteristics of NiTinol-titanium superelasticity, suitable for opening gaps between teeth and pulling teeth in different directions during orthodontic treatment. The force generated by a NiTinol helical spring with an elongation of 1 mm is about 50 g. NiTinol-titanium springs have high elastic properties and can generate relatively soft and stable continuous force under tensile conditions. The force attenuation is very small, and it can produce more ideal orthodontic force for tooth movement that meets clinical needs.
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