A Brief Discussion on the Characteristics of Shape Memory Alloys
志联
2025-05-18
Memory metal a special metal material that, after undergoing plastic deformation within a specific temperature range, can recover its original macroscopic shape within a different temperature range. It first appeared in the 1970s.
Memory metal Also known as shape memory alloy. In the 1970s, alloys with "memory" shape functions appeared in the world of materials science. A memory alloy is a very special metal rod, very easy to bend. We put it in a glass jar filled with hot water, and the metal bar rushes forward. Put it in cold water, and the metal bar will return to its original state. Add a spring from the glass cylinder containing cold water, put it in hot water, and the spring will automatically fold again. In cold water, the spring returns to its original state; in hot water, it contracts, and the spring stretches and contracts infinitely, contracting, then stretching again. These are all made of intelligent metal with memory; its microstructure has two relatively stable states. At high temperatures, this alloy can be formed into any shape you want; at low temperatures, the alloy can be stretched, but when heated again, it remembers its original shape and then returns. This substance is called memory metal. It is mainly a NiTinol material. For example, a spiral high-temperature alloy is spiral-shaped after annealing at high temperature. At room temperature, that is, using a great deal of force to forcibly straighten it, but when it is heated to a certain temperature, this alloy, as if remembering something, immediately returns to its original spiral shape. How does this happen?
Memory metal It utilizes the rule that the crystal structure of a specific alloy changes with temperature when it is in a solid state. For example, the crystal structure of NiTinol is different above and below 40°C, but when the temperature is around 40°C, the alloy will contract or expand, thus changing its shape. Among them, 40°C is the "temperature" of the NiTinol-titanium memory alloy. Various alloys have their own temperatures. The temperature of this high-temperature alloy is very high. At high temperatures, it is spiral-shaped and in a stable state. If it is forcibly straightened at room temperature, it will be in an unstable state, so after heating to a certain temperature, it will immediately return to its original stable spiral shape.
What are the characteristics of memory metal? Let's analyze it together. 1. Large bending, high plasticity. 2. Recovers its previous appearance above the memory temperature. 3. Physical properties: When the temperature reaches a specific value, the crystal structure inside the material changes, resulting in a change in shape.
This is the introduction of the characteristics of memory metal. Hope it can help everyone.
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